1. Preparation, create an explicit custom field for this purpose
You need a custom field where the email should be stored later. If you don't have one yet, you can create a new custom field as follows:
Settings > Work Items > Fields > Create new field
Hint: make sure that nothing is selected in the screen selection, so that the email is not visible to others.
2. Create a new automation
In the Jira space, go to JIRA Automation and create a new rule:
Space Settings > Automation > Create rule
If this is the first rule, then you will first receive a tutorial. You can go through the tutorial or skip it.
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Set the field value:
{{reporter.emailAddress}}
From now on, the email of the reporter is in the custom field for newly created work items and can be used in external data.
$.issue.fields.customfield_XXXXX